Peters v. The Netherlands, dec., No. 22793/93, ECommHR (Second Chamber), 30 November 1994

Conscientious objection to military service in The Netherlands. Different treatment between theology students (exempt) and philosophy students (not exempt). 

Art. 4 ECHR
Art. 9 ECHR
Art. 14 ECHR 

Granting the exemption from performing the civilian alternative service to those studying to perform an ecclesiastical, religious-humanitarian office, or to those who hold it already – but not to philosophy students – does not amount to a violation of Art. 9 ECHR read in conjunction with Art. 14 ECHR.