Jehovah's Witness v. Finland, No. 31772/19, ECtHR (Second Section), 9 May 2023

Religious freedom and personal data collecting during door-to-door preaching without data subjects’ consent

Art. 9 ECHR

Finland Personal Data Act

Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data

The requirement of consent by the data subject is to be considered an appropriate and necessary safeguard with a view to preventing any communication or disclosure of personal and sensitive data inconsistent with the guarantees provided by the Convention in the context of door‑to‑door preaching by individual Jehovah’s Witnesses.